Understanding Atmospheric Dispersion of Accidental Releases – A CCPS Concept Book

Preface.
<p>Nomenclature.</p>
<p>Chapter 1. Introduction.</p>
<p>1.1. Purpose.</p>
<p>1.2. Release/Dispersion Scenario Overview.</p>
<p>1.3. Hazards.</p>
<p>Chapter 2. Meteorology.</p>
<p>2.1. The Atmosphere.</p>
<p>2.2. Turbulence in the Atmosphere.</p>
<p>2.3. Mechanically Generated Turbulence′.</p>
<p>2.4. Vertical Density Stratification and Buoyancy.</p>
<p>2.5. Atmospheric Stability Classifications.</p>
<p>2.6. Similarity Scaling in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.</p>
<p>2.7. Changes Over Time in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.</p>
<p>Chapter 3. Source Estimates–Leaks and Ruptures.</p>
<p>3.1. Leaks and Small Holes.</p>
<p>3.2. Phase Changes in Released Fluids.</p>
<p>3.3. Aerosol Formation in Liquid of Flashing Liquid Releases.</p>
<p>3.4. Transient Vessel Inventory Loss.</p>
<p>3.5. Catastrophic Vessel Failures.</p>
<p>Chapter 4. Sources–Liquid Pools.</p>
<p>4.1. Boiling Liquid Pools.</p>
<p>4.2. Evaporation of Volatile Liquids.</p>
<p>4.3. Evaporation of Relatively Nonvolatile Liquids.</p>
<p>4.4. Multicomponent Mixture Spills.</p>
<p>Chapter 5. Buoyant and Dense–Gas Jet Releases.</p>
<p>5.1. Jet Length Scales.</p>
<p>5.2. Momentum and Buoyancy.</p>
<p>5.3. The Effect of Wind and Ambient Turbulence.</p>
<p>Chapter 6. Low–Velocity Dense–Gas Releases.</p>
<p>6.1. Source Specification.</p>
<p>6.2. Source Area Region.</p>
<p>6.3. Stably–Stratified Region.</p>
<p>6.4. Passive Dispersion Region.</p>
<p>Chapter 7. Passive Dispersion.</p>
<p>7.1. The Mechanics of Turbulent Dispersion.</p>
<p>7.2. Passive Dispersion from Elevated Releases.</p>
<p>7.3. Near–Ground Passive Dispersion.</p>
<p>7.4. Dispersion Averaging Times.</p>
<p>Chapter 8. Complex Flow Considerations.</p>
<p>8.1. Building Wakes and Stack Downwash.</p>
<p>8.2. Gravity–Driven Flows and the Effects of Terrain.</p>
<p>8.3. Aerosol Rainout.</p>
<p>8.4. Fanning Plumes and Subsidence.</p>
<p>Chapter 9. Hazard Evaluations.</p>
<p>9.1. Chemical Toxicity.</p>
<p>9.2. Flammability.</p>
<p>Chapter 10. Computer Models.</p>
<p>References.</p>