LTE Services

LIST OF FIGURES  ix
<p>LIST OF TABLES&nbsp; xiii</p>
<p>INTRODUCTION xv</p>
<p>CHAPTER 1. LTE ROLL–OUT 1</p>
<p>1.1. LTE air interface superior features 1</p>
<p>1.1.1. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) for the downlink 1</p>
<p>1.1.2. Single–carrier frequency division multiple access for uplink 1</p>
<p>1.1.3. Multiple–input multiple–output (MIMO) transmission 2</p>
<p>1.1.4. Support for component carrier 10</p>
<p>1.1.5. Relaying 11</p>
<p>1.2. LTE FDD, TDD and TD–LTE duplex schemes 13</p>
<p>1.2.1. Duplex schemes 14</p>
<p>1.2.2. LTE TDD/TD–LTE and TD–SCDMA 17</p>
<p>1.2.3. FDD LTE frequency band allocations 18</p>
<p>1.2.4. Allocated frequency bands in Europe, multiband operation 19</p>
<p>1.2.5. TDD LTE frequency band allocations 21</p>
<p>1.3. LTE UE category and class definitions 22</p>
<p>1.3.1. LTE UE category rationale 22</p>
<p>1.3.2. LTE UE category definitions 23</p>
<p>1.4. Interferences in OFDMA 25</p>
<p>1.5. Radio propagation software 35</p>
<p>1.6. Macrocells, microcells and femtocells 37</p>
<p>1.6.1. Macrocells 37</p>
<p>1.6.2. Femtocells 38</p>
<p>1.6.3. Remote radio heads 40</p>
<p>1.6.4. Heterogeneous network 40</p>
<p>1.7. Backhaul&nbsp; 40</p>
<p>1.7.1. The unified backhau l41</p>
<p>1.7.2. Future of Ethernet backhau l42</p>
<p>1.7.3. UMTS IP NodeB transport over converged packet network 44</p>
<p>1.7.4. LTE/EPC transport over converged packet network 49</p>
<p>1.8. Frequency planning 66</p>
<p>1.9. Compatibility with DTT 67</p>
<p>1.10. Health effects 68</p>
<p>1.10.1. Physical facts 69</p>
<p>1.10.2. Specific energy absorption rate 72</p>
<p>1.10.3. International Commission on Non–Ionizing Radiation Protection 73</p>
<p>1.10.4. Measurements of SAR, experimental studies 75</p>
<p>1.10.5. Comparison of SAR caused by different devices 77</p>
<p>1.10.6. Safety limits towers 80</p>
<p>1.11. Appendix 1: radio dimensioning and planning exercises (courtesy of Emmanuelle Vivier) 81</p>
<p>1.12. Appendix 2: relaying the radio links 84</p>
<p>1.13. Appendix 3: LTE–Advanced: requirements 88</p>
<p>CHAPTER 2. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 91</p>
<p>2.1. Introduction 91</p>
<p>2.2. Load tests 93</p>
<p>2.2.1. Dimensioning of network elements to smoothly carry the traffic 93</p>
<p>2.2.2. Dimensioning of signaling channels 94</p>
<p>2.2.3. Load tests on signaling channels 101</p>
<p>2.3. Use of protocol analyzer: example of MAPS system&nbsp; 102</p>
<p>2.3.1. Background 102</p>
<p>2.3.2. Overview 102</p>
<p>2.3.3. Main features 103</p>
<p>2.3.4. Supported protocol standards 104</p>
<p>2.3.5. Test configuration 105</p>
<p>2.3.6. Call generation 106</p>
<p>2.3.7. Call reception 106</p>
<p>2.3.8. Bulk call simulation 108</p>
<p>2.3.9. Customization of call flow and messages using preprocessing tools 108</p>
<p>2.3.10. Call flow and script execution control 109</p>
<p>2.3.11. Call statistics, events, link status 109</p>
<p>2.4. Appendix: TS of SA5 working group of 3GPP TSG SA 110</p>
<p>CHAPTER 3. OTT SERVICES 151</p>
<p>3.1. Introduction 151</p>
<p>3.1.1. Impact of the technology 151</p>
<p>3.1.2. OTT applications 153</p>
<p>3.1.3. OTT over LTE 153</p>
<p>3.1.4. New services opened by the high–speed Internet generalization 154</p>
<p>3.2. Technical view of OTT services 155</p>
<p>3.2.1. OTT technology 155</p>
<p>3.2.2. Testing OTT performances 161</p>
<p>3.3. OTT services challenging TV telecommunication services 162</p>
<p>3.3.1. Instant messaging business 163</p>
<p>3.3.2. Television and video OTT services 165</p>
<p>3.3.3. Apple TV (source: Wikipedia) 167</p>
<p>3.3.4. Netflix, the 2014 OTT champion 169</p>
<p>3.3.5. OTT services provided by the network operators 170</p>
<p>3.3.6. The carrier: neutral or responsible? 171</p>
<p>3.4. OTT services other than television 173</p>
<p>3.4.1. Dedicated services 173</p>
<p>3.4.2. LBS: positioning and GPS–driven applications&nbsp; 174</p>
<p>3.5. Open applications versus verticalization 177</p>
<p>3.5.1. The Apple model 177</p>
<p>CONCLUSION&nbsp; 179</p>
<p>BIBLIOGRAPHY 191</p>
<p>INDEX 193</p>