Riboswitches
Methods and Protocols
Paperback Engels 2010 9781617379475Samenvatting
The transfer of hereditary information from genes to proteins is one of the essential pr- esses in all living organisms on our planet. Some genes are expressed without modu- tion throughout the life of a cell, while many others require various degrees of control to precisely balance cellular metabolism with environmental conditions. For many years, researchers attributed this regulatory function to protein molecules, which can direct gene expression at multiple levels, in response to various input signals, and with different degrees of selectivity. Even when the control of gene expression was achieved via direct interactions between proteins and mRNAs, the active role was routinely assigned to p- teins, while RNAs were considered merely as recipient molecules. The discovery of RNA interference and multiple bacterial regulatory RNAs caused a shift from the perception of proteins as the predominant regulators of gene expression to the acknowledgement of the importance of RNAs in many regulatory circuits. Such a viewpoint received strong support several years ago after the discovery of riboswitches and related RNA sensors – mRNA regions capable of alternating their conformations in response to the presence of cellular metabolites and other physical or chemical cues. These classes of RNA pass on cellular and environmental information directly to transcription or translation machinery without the assistance of proteins. The riboswitches are commonly defined as evolutionarily conserved mRNA regions capable of specific binding to metabolite molecules, and, as a result, adopting a particular RNA conformation that modulates gene expression.
Specificaties
Lezersrecensies
Inhoudsopgave
Jeffrey E. Barrick
2. Enzymatic Ligation Strategies for the Preparation of Purine Riboswitches with Site-Specific Chemical Modifications
Renate Rieder, Claudia Höbartner, and Ronald Micura
3. Application of Fluorescent Measurements for Characterization of Riboswitch-Ligand Interactions
Benoit Heppell, Jérôme Mulhbacher, J. Carlos Penedo, and Daniel A. Lafontaine
4. Transcriptional Approaches to Riboswitch Studies
Alexander Mironov, Vitaly Epshtein, and Evgeny Nudler
5. Kinetics of Riboswitch Regulation Studied By In Vitro Transcription
J. Kenneth Wickiser
6. Molecular Basis of RNA-Mediated Gene Regulation on the Adenine Riboswitch by Single-Molecule Approaches
Jean-François Lemay, J. Carlos Penedo, Jérôme Mulhbacher, and Daniel A. Lafontaine
7. Methods for Analysis of Ligand-Induced RNA Conformational Changes
Chad A. Brautigam, Catherine A. Wakeman, and Wade C. Winkler
8. Monitoring RNA-Ligand Interactions Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
Sunny D. Gilbert and Robert T. Batey
9. Preparation and Crystallization of Riboswitch-Ligand Complexes
Olga Pikovskaya, Artem A. Serganov, Anna Polonskaia, Alexander Serganov, and Dinshaw J. Patel
10. Crystallization of the glmS Ribozyme-Riboswitch
Daniel J. Klein and Adrian R. Ferré-D’Amaré
11. Riboswitch Conformations Revealed by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
Jan Lipfert, Daniel Herschlag, and Sebastian Doniach
12. Time-Resolved NMR Spectroscopy: Ligand-Induced Refolding of Riboswitches
Janina Buck, Boris Fürtig, Jonas Noeske, Jens Wöhnert, and Harald Schwalbe
13. Analysis of the RNA Backbone: Structural Analysis of Riboswitches by In-Line Probing and Selective 2'-Hydroxyl Acylation and PrimerExtension (SHAPE)
Catherine A. Wakeman and Wade C. Winkler
14. Identification of Metabolite-Riboswitch Interactions Using Nucleotide Analog Interference Mapping and Suppression
Juliane K. Soukup and Garrett A. Soukup
15. RNA-Dependent RNA Switches in Bacteria
Tina M. Henkin
16. Probing mRNA Structure and sRNA-mRNA Interactions in Bacteria Using Enzymes and Lead(II)
Clément Chevalier, Thomas Geissmann, Anne-Catherine Helfer, and Pascale Romby
17. Structural Probing of RNA Thermosensors
Claude Chiaruttini, Frédéric Allemand, and Mathias Springer
18. Ribosomal Initiation Complexes Probed by Toeprinting and Effect of trans-Acting Translational Regulators in Bacteria
Pierre Fechter, Clément Chevalier, Gulnara Yusupova, Marat Yusupov, Pascale Romby, and Stefano Marzi
19. Isolation and Characterization of the Heat Shock RNA 1 (HSR1)
Ilya Shamovsky and Evgeny Nudler
20. Analysis of tRNA-Directed Transcription Antitermination in the T Box System in vivo
Tina M. Henkin
21. In vitro Selection of Conformational Probes for Riboswitches
Günter Mayer and Michael Famulok
22. A Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Based Plasmid System to Study Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression in vivo
Johannes H. Urban and Jörg Vogel
23. High-Throughput Screens to Discover Synthetic Riboswitches
Sean A. Lynch, Shana Topp, and Justin P. Gallivan
24. A Mammalian Cell-Based Assay for Screening Inhibitors of RNA Cleavage
Laising Yen, Brent R. Stockwell, and Richard C. Mulligan
25. In vitro Selection of glmS Ribozymes
Kristian H. Link and Ronald R. Breaker
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