1 Basic Principles.- 1 An Overview of Ecological Assessment Principles and Applications.- 2 A Theoretical Framework for Ecological Assessment.- 3 Ecosystem Characterization and Ecological Assessments.- 4 Adaptive Ecosystem Assessment and Management: The Path of Last Resort?.- 2 Information Management.- 5 Data Acquisition.- 6 Sampling Design and Statistical Inference for Ecological Assessment.- 7 General Data Collection and Sampling Design Considerations for Integrated Regional Ecological Assessments.- 8 Ecological Data Storage, Management, and Dissemination.- 9 Integration of Physical, Biological, and Socioeconomic Information.- 3 Basic Techniques.- 10 Remote Sensing Applied to Ecosystem Management.- 11 Geographic Information Science and Ecological Assessment.- 12 Decision Support for Ecosystem Management and Ecological Assessments.- 4 Analytical Methods: Concepts.- 13 Elements of Spatial Data Analysis in Ecological Assessments.- 14 Applications of Fractal Geometry and Percolation Theory to Landscape Analysis and Assessments.- 15 Fuzzy Statistical and Modeling Approach to Ecological Assessments.- 16 Measuring Ecosystem Values.- 17 Economic Linkages to Natural Resources.- 5 Analytical Methods: Applications.- 18 Ecosystem Structure and Function Modeling.- 19 Methods for Determining Historical Range of Variability.- 20 Representativeness Assessments.- 21 Methods of Economic Impact Analysis.- 6 Ecosystem Characterization.- 22 Elements of Ecological Land Classifications for Ecological Assessments.- 23 Dynamic Terrestrial Ecosystem Patterns and Processes.- 24 Ecological Classification and Mapping of Aquatic Systems.- 25 Geomorphic Patterns, Processes, and Perspectives in Aquatic Assessment.- 26 Assessment of Biotic Patterns in Freshwater Ecosystems.- 27 Characterizing the Human Imprint on Landscapes for Ecological Assessment.- 28 Assessing Human Processes in Society: Environment Interactions.- 29 Mapping Patterns of Human Use and Potential Resource Conflicts on Public Lands.- 7 Case Studies.- 30 The Great Lakes Ecological Assessment.- 31 Upper Mississippi River Adaptive Environmental Assessment.- 32 Southern Appalachian Case Study.- 33 Northern Forest Lands Case Study.- 34 Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project.- 8 Implementation Strategies.- 35 Ecological Assessments and Implementing Ecosystem Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Road Ahead.